Second, the impedance analysis of a magnetostrictive actuator etrema. Combining the last two equations with substitution of the stiffness, and also. A typical giant magnetostrictive actuator gma expands a magnetostrictive rod to generate strain by varying the current in the coil that surrounds the magnetostrictive rod. Nonlinear dynamic model with multifields coupling effects. Magnetostrictive actuatorsmaterials that change their shapes when. The sensor circuitry emits pulses of current through the wire, generating a circular magnetic field. This category involves a fairly broad range of actuators ranging from surgi cal applications to ultrasonic joining. As shown in figure 2, a magnetostrictive position sensor is comprised of five basic components. Inside the probe tube there is a rigid wire made of magnetostrictive material. Design and development of a magnetostrictive actuator. Find magnetostrictive linear actuators related suppliers, manufacturers, products and specifications on globalspec a trusted source of magnetostrictive linear actuators information.
In this chapter, these will be incorporated in the conventional 3d finite element fe formulation. The direct current and the alternative current engines are view. Fe core magnetostrictively extendscontracts under ac. In this paper, a dynamic model for the description and design of hysteresis in magnetostrictive devices is presented. Each cycle occurs ten times per second, providing real.
Adaptive control for magnetostrictive actuated nano. Magnetostriction occurs in the most ferromagnetic materials and leads to many effect. Our model results from an application of the energy balance principle. By ametek posted on jan 29, 2019 ametek united states in any continuous web printing processes, exact control of the print media contributes directly to optimized production speeds, achieved deadlines, reduced scrap and reduced downtime. Even though the controlled characterization measurement gives insight into standard material properties, usage of this data in an application, while possible, is not straight forward. This paper concerns the methodology of bias field design. New developed magnetostrictive actuators used to vibrate very stiff structures and able to acquire frequency response functions frfs in many points using piezoelectric sensors are the constitutive components of this approach. Magnetostrictive actuators mas can deliver highoutput forces and can be driven at high frequencies. A fully updated, easytoread guide on magnetic actuators and sensors. Structural design of giant magnetostrictive actuator. Pdf magnetostrictive actuators compared to piezoelectric. Magnetostrictive actuators compared to piezoelectric.
Norum 3 1university of trieste, guest at norwegian university of science and technology ntnu. The temposonics technology, based on magnetostriction, does not rely on moving parts and is not exposed to mechanical stress. Magnetostrictive actuators are one of the most exciting new actuator technologies available today. Design and development of a magnetostrictive actuator by jyekai chang b. The mg cylinder and mgs slidestyle magnetic linear actuator have very high breakaway points making them a good choice for applications where safety is a concern. Bias magnetic field of stack giant magnetostrictive actuator.
Optimal tracking using magnetostrictive actuators operating. Structural damage identification using magnetostrictive actuators. Magnetostrictive actuators are one of the most exciting. A return signal is generated from the precise location where the magnetic field of a float intersects the wire. A magnetostrictive actuator has magnetostrictive element having a magnetostrictive, a driving rod moving in a displacement direction of the magnetostrictive element, which is connected with the magnetostrictive element and made of a ferromagnet, a solenoid coil applying magnetic field to the magnetostrictive element, which is arranged around the magnetostrictive element, an enclosure enclosing the magnetostrictive element and the solenoid coil. With the development of smart materials, intelligent actuators manufactured by those materials including the magnetorheological actuator, shape memory alloy actuator, giant magnetostrictive actuator gma, and others. Actuators using innovative linear motors of this type are being developed as part of the u. Closedloop realtime control of a novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. The most useful one to refer to is the joule effect.
Magnetostrictive actuators with 1d and 2d magnetic field. Aerospace engineering and engineering mechanics major. Nonlinear optimal control techniques for vibration. Highfield theoretical and experimental analysis of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators is presented. Engineering mechanics signatures have been redacted for privacy. Operating in this way the transducers are frequently called selfsensing actuators. Their magnetostrain properties under varied operation are tested. Design and analysis of a selfsensing terfenold magnetostrictive actuator jon robert pratt a thesis submitted to the graduate facualty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree master of science department. Giant magnetostrictive actuator and its application in active. An iron rod placed in a magnetic field directed along its length stretches slightly in a weak magnetic field and contracts slightly. Basics of magnetoresistive mr sensors te connectivity. Techniques for modeling hysteresis and material nonlinearities in magnetostrictive materials are presented. A linear model of magnetostrictive actuators for active. Actuators 2019, 8, 45 2 of 30 wiedemann and is the arise of a helical magnetization vector, i.
Motordriven giant magnetostrictive actuator abstract. Magnetostriction or joule magnetostriction is a consequence of the magnetoelastic coupling. Structural parameters of giant magnetostrictive actuator gma have a greater impact on its output characteristics and how to design them is related to. With the discovery and refining of terfenold, the magnetostrictive actuator has gotten great development for recent twenty years. Hysteresis in these materials is due to both the driving magnetic field and stress relations within the material and is significant throughout most of the drive range of the material. Comparison of piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, and. Materials that change their shapes when exposed to magnetic fields can now be used to drive highreliability linear motors and actuators an example is a nickel rod that tends. The only task of this field is to define a preferrential direction for the alignment of the magnetic domains. Pdf on magnetostrictive transducer applications researchgate. Materials that change their shapes when exposed to magnetic fields can now be used to drive highreliability linear motors and.
The level transmitter is a magnet, which is integrated into the float. Hydraulically amplified magnetostrictive actuator for active. Review of modeling and control of magnetostrictive actuators. The nanopositioner driven by magnetostrictive actuator is composed of a magnetostrictive actuator and a positioning mechanism pm. Magnetostrictive actuators are one of the most exciting new. In the 90s, bulk magnetostrictive composite materials have been developed for high frequency ultrasonic applications. Choose from a broad selection of fatiguerated mts hydraulic actuators to support your mechanical testing requirements.
It pertains to the strain produced along the field direction and is the most commonly used magnetostrictive effect. Aug 01, 2011 joule effect is commonly applied in magnetostrictive actuators and villari effect is applied in magnetostrictive sensors. In this work an approach to structural damage analysis based on the utilization of actuators made by magnetostrictive materials is presented. Available in all stainless steel for washdown or clean room applications. Magnetostrictive actuators with large displacement and fast. Nonlinear optimal control techniques for vibration attenuation using magnetostrictive actuators william s. In these cases, the sophisticated method to form such a sufficient bias field with minimum power and bulk consumption should be considered in the principal stage of gma design. The computational results show that the displacement response is synchronous with the current. Hydraulically amplified magnetostrictive actuator for. Development of a novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. Vibration analysis of linear magnetostrictive actuator. Positive magnetostrains of to 2000 ppm obtained with fields of 50 to 200 kam are reported for bulk materials. The model is based on preisach theory and its dynamic extension. Giant magnetostrictive actuators gmas are designed and fabricated with homemade tbdyfe rods.
The magnetostrictive effect was first described in the 19th century 1842 by an english physicist james joule. A survey of recent applications for giant magnetostrictive materials as both sensors and actuators and their use in smart structure applications will be presented. Mathematical modelling and simulation of magnetostrictive. Performance prediction for a magnetostrictive actuator. Magnetostrictive transducermagnetostriction,working. Wonjong kim this thesis presents the design of various closedloop realtime control of a novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. Jul 19, 2016 magnetostrictive materials that may alter their shape significantly in response to external magnetic fields are used in unidirectional motion and force actuators and linear motors. Bond graphs for magnetostrictive actuators magnetostriction strain smn smnhi, tjk induced by stress tjk induced by magnetic field hi present in most ferromagnetic materials iron, nickel, cobalt, rare earths magnetostrictive strains. More recently, high magnetostrains have also been obtained in rare earthiron thin films. A lowenergy pulse, generated by the jupiter electronics, travels the length of the magnetostrictive wire.
By using a proven draw wire sensor design that has been completely reengineered for reliability and performance from the ground up, cpi removes the difficulties of using a rodtype sensor in long stroke applications where longevity is of paramount concern. One of the most frequent applications of magnetostrictive actuator technology is the active structural vibration control avc. Magnetostrictive linear position sensor direct replacement cpi. These equations form the basis for the magnetostrictive material to be utilized as a sensor or as an actuator. In this paper, we propose a model for dynamic magnetostrictive hysteresisin a thin rod actuator. Theory of operation a magnetostrictive position sensor measures the distance between. Magnetostrictive sensor performance in long stroke hydraulic applications. The magnetostrictive motor magmotor, an example of the magnetostrictive actuator with 2d magnetic field, is composed of one terfenold rod, one toroidal coil, one solenoid coil, a stator, a rotor, and housing. Magnetostrictive actuators smart materials and structures lab. Figure 9 magnetostrictive actuator performance for active vibration control of the transient responses of a 40. Then the effectiveness of the fitting model was verified by experimental results.
Magnetostriction, change in the dimensions of a ferromagnetic material, such as iron or nickel, produced by a change in the direction and extent of its magnetization. Please contact mts for specifications that are critical to your needs. The magnetostrictive effect was first described in the 19th. Introduction of magnetostrictive ms technology magnetostriction ms is the change in shape of materials under the influence of an external magnetic field. Magnetostriction ms, change in shape of materials under the influence of an external magnetic field, is one of the advanced technologies. A model of magnetostrictive actuators for active vibration. There is also usually a protective tube over the waveguide. Magnetostrictive materials often rely on magnetic fields generated through the use of a solenoidal coil.
All modern electromagnetic drive can be broken into three basic types. For this reason, low field magnetoresistive sensors like the barberpole sensor have to be stabilized biased by an external additional field hx, which is favorable oriented along the mr stripe i. Finite element method is used in conjunction with the hamiltons principle to deduce equations for the dynamic behavior of the magnetostrictive material. Some of these classes of actuators which are widely used in industrial applications include hydraulic actuators, electrostatic actuators, electromagnetic actuators, thermal expansion actuators and. Actuator principles and classification springerlink. Magnetostrictive actuators can also use the theory of magnetism to bring about displacement. Chapter 3 fem with magnetostrictive actuators and sensors. Pdf highfield characterization of piezoelectric and. The free vibration and forced vibratin of linear magnetostrictive actuator is analyzed. Mechanics based models for struts fitted with piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators are developed, and for harmonic disturbances, a linear dynamic formulation describing the motion of the actuators is integrated with the formulation describing wave transmission through the strut.
The magnetostrictive actuators are solid state magnetic actuators. Highfield characterization of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators. In this study, we present a linear magnetostrictive motor lmm powered through a pulse width modulation pwm drive, whose core is a waveform controller of drv101t. Giant magnetostrictive materials gmm, especially rare erathiron discovered by ae clark, feature magnetostrains which are two orders of magntitude larger than nickel. Magnetostrictive actuators compared to piezoelectric actuators. The heat generated by the current deteriorates the gma performance. Objective merge holonomic mobility with human amplification technology. The variation of materials magnetization due to the applied magnetic field changes the magnetostrictive strain until reaching its saturation value. In a given material, this magnetostrian is quadratic and occurs always in the same direction whatever is the field direction. Terfenold is one of several magnetostrictive materials with the property of converting energy into mechanical motion, and vice versa. This paper proposes a hybrid model for the actuation system considering the coupling of the actuator and the ampli. Constitutive relationship of magnetostrictive materials 2.
There are different classes of actuators depending on the physical principle on which the energy conversion takes place. The recent material advances in the area of magnetostriction, mainly terfenold, have created new design options for mechanical and electrical engineers alike. Highfield characterization of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive. The current designs are too bulky and complex for use in engine mounts due to the presence of various pumping components,an accumulator, check valves, direction control valve and a piston type hydraulic actuator. Marshall space flight centers valves, actuators and ducts design and development branch developed a large scale magnetostrictive valve actuator. Tbdyfe is a rare earthiron magnetostrictive alloy with giant magnetostrain, good magnetomechanical coupling factor and fast response. Design and application of magnetostrictive ms materials citeseerx. We derive two equations that representmagnetic and mechanical dynamic equilibrium. Good understanding of specific design constrains is required to define and optimize a magnetostrictive actuator. For most practical applications, the stroke length.
Modeling and control of magnetostrictive actuators wei zhang university of kentucky right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits you. A new type of linear magnetostrictive motor springerlink. We designed and fabricated a linear magnetostrictive actuator msa using terfenold as a control device. Pdf magnetostriction occurs in the most ferromagnetic materials and leads to many effect. Magnetostrictive actuators are commonly used in precision engineering with the advantages of high resolution and fast response. Richard, elizabeth holleman and david eddleman abstract. Chapter 2 constitutive relationship of magnetostrictive materials.
Modeling and optimization of magnetostrictive actuator. Modeling of a displacement amplified magnetostrictive. With a high computing precision and a concise form, the proposed model shows great potentials for the realtime control of giant magnetostrictive actuators. The position magnet is a permanent magnet, often made in the shape of a ring, which travels along the sensing rod. A simple magnetization model for giant magnetostrictive. Electromagnetic actuators victor konev may 27, 2006 abstract in this report the most common electromagnetic drives are described. This dissertation presents the development of a novel linear magnetostrictive actuator. Optimal tracking using magnetostrictive actuators operating in nonlinear and hysteretic regimes william s. Background in any continuous web printing processes, exact control of the print media contributes directly to optimized production speeds, achieved deadlines, reduced scrap and re. Overview of magnetostrictive sensor technology article pdf available in journal of intelligent material systems and structures 1810. The giant magnetostrictive material gmm discovered by clark et al 1, has large elongation and fast response, such as terfenold, with large strain up to 2000 ppm under prestress. Design and application of magnetostrictive ms materials. A timer precisely measures the elapsed time between the generation of the pulse and the return of the acoustic signal.
This process is highly applicable as a transducer as the magnetostriction property of a material does not degrade with time. The inherent sensor effects in magnetostrictive materials allow in combination with proper measurement and signal processing methods the simultaneous use of a magnetostrictive transducer as both sensor and actuator. Quasistatic equations are presented for a magnetostrictive medium where mechanical and magnetic fields interact with each other. Generally, magnetostriction is the change in shape of materials under the influence of an external magnetic field. Design of a magnetostrictive ms actuator sciencedirect. It is a dynamic model as it accounts for inertial effects and mechanicaldissipation as the. It is responsible for the expansion or the contraction of a rod subjected to a longitudinal static magnetic field. Pdf magnetostrictive actuators compared to piezoelectric actuators. For magnetostrictive sensors to be competitive with established sensor technologies, for instance those based on piezoelectricity, maximum performance characteristics of the kind associated with nonlinear regimes must be sought. Many novel applications using giant magnetostrictive actuators gma require their actuators output bidirectional strokes to be large enough to drive the load. Since the speed of the ultrasonic wave in the waveguide is precisely known, the time required to receive the return signal can be converted into a linear position measurement with both high accuracy and repeatability. Thermomagnetic optimization of solenoidal magnetostrictive actuators david c. Piezostack actuators psas and magnetostrictive actuators msas generate a high thrust force but have a stroke length of just 100 m 17.
We combine the proven reliability and rugged construction. This paper presents parametrical analysis with magnetic simulation of a magnetostrictive. Part one, magnetics, offers an introduction to magnetic actuators and sensors as well as basic electromagnetics, followed by an examination of the reluctance method, the finite element method, magnetic force, and other magnetic performance parameters. Structural vibration control using linear magnetostrictive. The program is an effort to use smart materials to adjust or finetune the shape of the airfoil cross section of an aircraft wing in flight, reduce aerodynamic drag, boost payload capacity, cut fuel use, and improve maneuverability. This study presents an engineering modeling methodology for magnetostrictive materials based on a. Magnetostrictive actuators the magnetostrictive effect the term magnetostriction is a synonym for magnetically induced deformation and refers to the capacity, that most of ferromagnetic materials have, to change their size when the level.
Development of resonators with reversible magnetostrictive effect. A dynamic model for hysteresis in magnetostrictive devices. In response to a traveling magnetic field inside the terfenold element, it moves in the opposite direction with a peristaltic motion. The potential advantages of this technology are faster. Recommended citation zhang, wei, modeling and control of magnetostrictive actuators 2005. Thermomagnetic optimization of solenoidal magnetostrictive. Our offering ranges from series 244 actuators for precise control of highfrequency motions and forces, to the series 201 actuator that provides an economical solution for static or lowfrequency testing, to heavyduty. Highfield characterization of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive actuators radu pomirleanu and victor giurgiutiu department of mechanical engineering, university of south carolina, columbia, sc 29208 abstract. The experimental results, however, show that the magjet ejects the high viscosity fluid up to cp at room temperature. Joule effect is commonly applied in magnetostrictive actuators and villari effect is applied in magnetostrictive sensors. Actuators convert a given kind of energy into mechanical energy. Magnetostrictive control of rotation press accumulators. Magnetostrictive linearposition sensors sizing and applying magnetostrictive linearposition sensors technical paper linearposition sensors all specifications are subject to change. The second edition of this musthave book for todays engineers includes the latest updates and advances in the field of magnetic actuators and sensors.
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